Irradiation sources and methods

ABSTRACT

Irradiating assemblies can have a housing with a reflector extending linearly parallel to a lamp. Radiation can be emitted from one opening, for example in a bottom portion of the housing, as well as from another opening, for example a side opening in the housing. Irradiating assemblies can also have first and second reflector portions at angles with respect to each other wherein radiation is reflected out of a housing that does not have an end reflector. Irradiating assemblies can be configured to have cooling flow openings in side walls so that cooling fluid such as air can flow between the side walls and adjacent surfaces of a reflector. Irradiating assemblies can incorporate lamps having first and second electrodes wherein the first and second electrodes are oriented at an angle with respect to each other. Methods of irradiating material may include irradiating a surface with emissions from a first portion of an assembly and irradiating a surface with emissions from a second portion of an assembly different from the first portion.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

These inventions relate to irradiation devices and methods, includingfor example, UV curing apparatus and methods and hand-held UV curingapparatus and methods.

2. Related Art

UV curing apparatus and methods are used for curing photo-initiatedadhesives and other coating compositions. UV radiation curing offerssignificant energy and savings compared to thermal curing in heat ovens.UV radiation curing also is much quicker with significant time savings,and is more environmentally friendly in reducing toxic emissions.Another advantage of

UV curing is the adhesives leave behind no solvent residue, as is commonwith thermoplastic adhesives which set upon cooling or evaporation of asolvent. U.S. Pat. No. 6,000,815, and U.S. published patent publicationU.S. 2004/0165391, each discuss irradiation lamp assemblies. Thedescriptions and drawings of those documents are incorporated herein byreference.

In these apparatus, the lamp source is positioned inside the reflectorso that UV radiation produced by the lamp source when energizedirradiates the target surface or material. Part of the radiation isemitted directly from the lamp source toward the target, while part ofthe radiation is focused onto the target by the reflector. Any focus onthe target depends on the reflector configuration, the lamp sourceconfiguration and its orientation relative to the reflector.

Existing lamps generally have a single mode of operation. For example, alinear lamp source combined with a longitudinally extending reflectorcan be used to produce a line of radiation for curing material. Theassembly, for example, can be used to cure a coating on a wall, such asby passing the assembly back and forth over the surface. Substantiallyall of the coating on the surface can be cured in this way, but curingsurface coatings in a corner of two adjacent walls or in a cornerbetween two walls and a floor or ceiling may be more difficult. The easeof curing surface coatings in a corner of two adjacent walls will dependon the resolution or how fine the beam of radiation is from theassembly. With a finely focused beam, a corner area can be cured withoutinadvertently over-irradiating adjacent surface material.

In a corner between two adjacent walls and a floor or a ceiling, it ismore difficult to cure the corner material without over-irradiating theadjacent surface material. For example, because the corner is anintersection of three surfaces rather than two surfaces, irradiationfrom a linear beam for a given lamp assembly extends not only into thecorner but also along adjacent wall surfaces. As a result, the adjacentwall surfaces may get more radiation than the corner before the cornersurfaces are properly cured. Additionally, equipment design is such thatequipment parts such as housing components, reflector parts and the likeextend around the sides of the lamp source, making it more difficult toplace the lamp source as close to the surface as may be desired foradequate curing.

When the lamp source produces radiation, the lamp source temperatureincreases and generally requires cooling for the desired continuedoperation. Additionally, radiation reflection from the reflector raisesthe reflector temperature, which should also be cooled. In oneconfiguration, one or more fans draw outside cooling air into thereflector trough and around the irradiation lamp source, thereby coolingboth.

SUMMARY

Methods and apparatus are disclosed that make it easier and moreefficient to irradiate materials, for example using UV radiation. Themethods and apparatus are well-suited for hand-held equipment, and oneor more aspects of the methods and apparatus can be applied to largerequipment and larger applications. In some configurations, the apparatusand the use of the apparatus is more versatile, and in someconfigurations can have multiple modes of operation. In otherconfigurations, the equipment can be configured to allow placement ofthe radiation source closer to the target, as well as to allow moreuniform irradiation of the target. Additional configurations giveimproved cooling and ventilation for the equipment.

In one example of a radiation assembly, for example that can be used asdescribed herein, the assembly includes a housing with a radiationsource within the housing. In one example, the radiation source is a UVlamp source for producing UV radiation. The housing has least oneopening for allowing radiation outside the housing. A reflector in thehousing includes at least first and second portions and a first portionis parallel to a portion of the radiation source, such as the lampsource, and a second portion non-parallel to the radiation source. Inone example, the reflector includes a first end portion that is open andadjacent an opening in the housing. In such an example, the first endportion can be at the end of the reflector that is parallel to theradiation source and the end portion terminates at an opening, in oneconfiguration at a longitudinal end of the radiation source.Additionally, the second reflector portion non-parallel to the radiationsource can be at a position relative to the radiation source oppositethe opening.

In another example of a radiation assembly, for example that can be usedas described herein, a UV lamp source can be positioned in a housingwith a reflector to produce UV radiation emitted through an opening inthe housing. For example, the UV lamp source can be a linear UV lampsource positioned adjacent a longitudinally-extending reflector having aportion extending parallel to the UV lamp source. One end portion of thereflector may be uncovered and adjacent a housing opening that allowsradiation to be emitted substantially parallel to the UV lamp source. Asecond reflector portion may be positioned non-parallel to the lampsource, for example to reflect radiation out the housing opening in adirection of an axis of the lamp source, for example a longitudinalaxis. In one example, the UV lamp source extends longitudinally,substantially parallel to a reflector trough, opposite a first opening,from a first lamp source end portion adjacent a non-parallel reflectorto a second lamp source end portion adjacent a second opening in thehousing. Radiation is emitted through the first opening from the lampsource and reflected from the trough, and radiation is also emittedthrough the second opening from the lamp source and also reflected fromthe non-parallel reflector. In this example, the second opening has noreflector at the end of and perpendicular to lamp source. The reflectortrough is substantially uniform along the length of the reflector fromthe non-parallel reflector to the open end. In one example, thereflector trough may conform to a partial ellipse, and the secondopening may also conform to a partial ellipse. Radiation reflected fromthe non-parallel reflector can be directed along the axis of the lampsource and out the second opening.

In a further example of an irradiation assembly, for example that can beused as described herein, a UV lamp source can be positioned in ahousing with a reflector to produce UV irradiation emitted through anopening in the housing. The UV lamp source may include a linear portionhaving a first electrode extending substantially parallel to the linearportion, and a second electrode substantially perpendicular ornon-parallel to the linear portion. The non-parallel electrodes allow atleast one portion of the lamp source to be positioned close to the outerenvelope of the assembly, thereby allowing positioning of part of thelamp source closer to the target surface. They also allow moreflexibility in positioning the lamp source within the housing. In oneexample, the second electrode substantially perpendicular to the linearportion of the lamp source is adjacent a side opening of the assembly.Having the second electrode perpendicular to the rest of lamp sourcerather than parallel to the lamp source eliminates or reduces aradiation shadow experienced with linear lamp sources having electrodesparallel to the lamp source. Therefore, the irradiance through a sideopening at the target may be improved.

In another example of an irradiation assembly, the UV lamp source isprovided in a housing and extends linearly within housing. A reflectoris included within the housing and includes a linear portion extendinglinearly with the UV lamp source for reflecting UV radiation. Thehousing includes a first opening in a bottom portion and a secondopening in a side portion such that UV radiation can exit the housingthrough the first opening or through the second opening. With such aconfiguration, the assembly can have dual modes, and in one applicationradiation through the opening in the bottom portion easily curescoatings on relatively flat surfaces and radiation through the openingin the side portion can cure coatings in corners. In one example of theforegoing configuration, the reflector can have elliptical features,such as may be produced by combining two quarters of an ellipse, forexample two symmetrical reflector portions. The first and second openingcan be oriented perpendicular relative to each other. The first openingcan be substantially rectangular around the edge of an elliptical troughreflector, and the second opening can be a substantially partial ellipseformed in the housing corresponding approximately to the profile of thereflector. This example of an irradiation assembly is also suited foruse with a lamp source wherein the electrodes are oriented non-linearlywith respect to each other, for example where one electrode isperpendicular to a central axis of the lamp source.

In an example of using an irradiation assembly, including for exampleirradiation assemblies described herein, a UV irradiation lamp assemblyis positioned to direct UV radiation toward a surface, for example asurface to be cured. The surface is irradiated with UV radiation that isemitted from a first portion of the assembly. The assembly can also bepositioned to direct UV radiation toward a surface from a second portionof the assembly, and irradiating the surface with radiation emitted fromthe second portion of the assembly. In this method of use, more than onemode of irradiating a surface is used. The method can be used to curemore than one type of surface configuration. In one process, a surfacecan be irradiated while passing the assembly across the surface, forexample through radiation emitted through the first portion of theassembly, and/or the second portion of the assembly. Radiation emittedfrom the first portion of the assembly can be used to cure one surfaceconfiguration, for example flat walls or large surfaces, and also tocure another surface configuration, for example corners or intersectionsof surfaces. In a further example, radiation can be emitted through thefirst and/or second portions of the assembly after being reflected fromone or more reflector portions.

In any of the examples described herein, a handle can be included thatcan be used to easily support and manipulate the irradiation assembly.The handle can be positioned on the apparatus to make easier use of theapparatus in several different modes. In one example of the use of ahandle on an irradiation assembly, the handle can be used to move theassembly over a wall surface in one orientation, and to direct radiationinto a corner using another orientation. Hand-held radiation assembliescan benefit from one or more of the elements described herein.

Also in any of the examples described herein, openings may be formed inone or more housing walls to allow air or other fluid to flow throughthe openings and between a portion of the reflector and the housing. Inexamples where the reflector includes a longitudinally extendingreflector wall, openings may be included in a housing wall adjacent thelongitudinally extending reflector wall, so that air can flow betweenthe reflector wall and the adjacent housing wall. In one example,openings can be formed in longitudinal side walls of the housing so thatair can flow over substantially the entire non-reflective side of thereflector and substantially over the entire longitudinal length. Wherethe housing walls can be considered to extend vertically, at least halfof the height of a housing wall can be occupied by an opening, andopenings can be distributed over an entire longitudinal length of ahousing wall. The openings can be distributed over the housing wall bothheight-wise and longitudinally, as well as other distributions. In oneexample, the openings are substantially equally spaced apart, and eachhas substantially the same cross-sectional area as another. Powereddevices such as fans can be used to force air flow for cooling.

These and other examples are set forth more fully below in conjunctionwith drawings, a brief description of which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an upper left isometric view of an irradiation assembly inaccordance with one example described herein.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a rear elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a left side elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal vertical cross-section of the assembly of FIG.1 taken along line 7-7 in FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 is a transverse vertical cross-section of the assembly of FIG. 1facing rearward and taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 9 is a transverse vertical cross-section of the assembly of FIG. 1facing forwardly and taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 10 is a transverse vertical cross-section of a reflector assemblythat can be used in the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of a lamp bulb or source assembly thatcan be used in the assembly of FIG. 1.

FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of the lamp source of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a rear elevation view of the lamp source of FIG. 11.

FIG. 14 is a rear elevation view of a reflector for use in the assemblyof FIG. 1.

FIG. 15 is a side elevation view of the reflector assembly of FIG. 10.

FIG. 16 is a schematic and partial section of a top plan view of aplurality of walls and depicting use of an assembly such as that shownin FIG. 1 for curing a corner.

FIG. 17 is a schematic and partial section of a side elevation view of aplurality of walls and depicting use of an assembly such as that shownin FIG. 1 for curing a surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This specification taken in conjunction with the drawings sets forthexamples of apparatus and methods incorporating one or more aspects ofthe present inventions in such a manner that any person skilled in theart can make and use the inventions. The examples provide the best modescontemplated for carrying out the inventions, although it should beunderstood that various modifications can be accomplished within theparameters of the present inventions.

Examples of irradiation sources and of methods of making and using theirradiation sources are described. Depending on what feature or featuresare incorporated in a given structure or a given method, benefits can beachieved in the structure or the method. For example, irradiationsources with openings facing in different directions may provide moreflexibility in use and application. They may also be more efficientduring use. Additionally, irradiation sources may be configured to haveimproved cooling, such as more uniform cooling. Novel configurations mayalso be easier to manufacture.

These and other benefits will become more apparent with consideration ofthe description of the examples herein. However, it should be understoodthat not all of the benefits or features discussed with respect to aparticular example must be incorporated into an irradiation source,component or method in order to achieve one or more benefitscontemplated by these examples. Additionally, it should be understoodthat features of the examples can be incorporated into an irradiationsource, component or method to achieve some measure of a given benefiteven though the benefit may not be optimal compared to other possibleconfigurations. For example, one or more benefits may not be optimizedfor a given configuration in order to achieve cost reductions,efficiencies or for other reasons known to the person settling on aparticular product configuration or method.

Examples of a number of irradiation source configurations and of methodsof making and using the irradiation sources are described herein, andsome have particular benefits in being used together. However, eventhough these apparatus and methods are considered together at thispoint, there is no requirement that they be combined, used together, orthat one component or method be used with any other component or method,or combination. Additionally, it will be understood that a givencomponent or method could be combined with other structures or methodsnot expressly discussed herein while still achieving desirable results.Handheld irradiation sources are used as examples of an apparatus thatcan incorporate one or more of the features and derive some of thebenefits described herein. However, other irradiation sources canbenefit from one or more of the present inventions.

It should be understood that terminology used for orientation, such asfront, rear, side, left and right, upper and lower, and the like, areused herein merely for ease of understanding and reference, and are notused as exclusive terms for the structures being described andillustrated.

Considering irradiation sources and methods in more detail, one exampleof an irradiation source in the form of a UV curing irradiation source100 (FIGS. 1-9) is shown as a hand-held irradiation source. Hand-heldirradiation sources are generally smaller, easier to manipulate andmanually position or move as desired, compared to high-volumeirradiation sources such as may be used in manufacturing or the like.Even though the discussion herein will concentrate on hand-heldirradiation sources, it should be understood that one or more of thefeatures and concepts described with respect to the exemplaryirradiation source may also be applied to other irradiation sources,including fixed or stationary sources and those used on productionlines.

The UV curing irradiation source 100 generally includes a body 102having a housing indicated generally at 104 enclosing or extendingaround various internal components. Generally, the body is formed byassembly of various housing components into a complete assembly. In thepresent example of the hand-held irradiation source, the housingincludes a front wall 106, a left side wall 108, a back or rear wall110, a right side wall 112 (FIGS. 3 and 5) and an upper housing wall 114(FIGS. 1-4). A bottom housing wall 116 (FIG. 6) extends along the bottomof the assembly and forms a base for placing the assembly on a supportsurface, for example when not in use. A handle 118 (FIGS. 1-5 and 7-8)is supported directly or indirectly by the upper housing wall 114, forexample through a handle mounting bracket 120. The handle 118 allowsreliable holding of the radiator and easy manipulation of the assemblyto a desired orientation, for example for curing a material, irradiatinga surface or the like. The reference terminology to front, left, rear,right, and upper and bottom housing walls are used for ease oforientation and understanding the description herein, and are not usedby way of limitation. These terms are used relative to the handleposition and orientation so that a user would hold the assembly by thehandle 118 with the front wall 106 facing outward, and the upper housingwall 114 facing upward. However, the orientation of the assembly is notlimited to that shown in FIG. 1, especially with hand-held irradiationsources that are intended to be moved and oriented in differentdirections for curing or otherwise irradiating materials. Additionally,for those assemblies intended be fixed rather than hand-held orportable, the particular orientation will typically be fixed duringnormal operation though not necessarily the same orientation asrepresented in FIG. 1.

The UV curing source 100 generally includes a power supply, in thepresent example a power cord 122 supported by a strain relief 124 fixedor otherwise mounted to the upper housing wall 114. The power cord 122supplies power for energizing the UV curing lamp source (describedbelow) upon activation of an on-off or power switch 126 (FIGS. 1-2 and4). The power switch 126 in the present example is mounted to an uppersurface 128 of a component housing 130 above the upper housing wall 114.The component housing 130 houses the power switch 126 and its associatedwires, and also houses at least one cooling fan 132 or other poweredflow device to help in cooling components of the UV curing source. Thecomponent housing 130 also houses wires used to power the fan 132. Inthe present example, a second fan 134 is supported on the upper housingwall 114 through a fan housing 136 (FIGS. 1 and 4). The fans can beconfigured to push cooling air through the housing or pull air forcooling. The fan housing also supports the handle bracket 120 on theupper housing surface 114. The fan housing can support handle bracket120 such that a handle mounting plate 138 on the bracket is positionedabove a forward portion of the second fan 134. In this configuration,most if not all of handle is positioned above the upper housing wall 114and the handle mounting plate 138 is approximately over the center ofmass of the assembly. Alternatively, the handle bracket 120 can bereversed 180 degrees so that the handle mounting plate 138 is positionedabove a rearward portion of the second fan 134. In this configuration,part of the free end of the handle 118 extends beyond the rear housingwall 110.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first and second fans and the handle 118 arepositioned approximately in the center transversely of the assembly. Asa result, the assembly is approximately balanced along the longitudinalmid-plane of the assembly, except for any load applied by the power cord122. A power shut-off or circuit breaker 140 is on an opposite side ofthe handle 118 from the power cord 122. The circuit breaker 140 removescurrent from the lamp source when the circuit breaker is tripped.

The fans and the UV curing lamp source are supplied with power from thepower cord 118 through associated conductors or wires representedschematically at 142 (FIG. 8). The wires 142 extend along correspondingrace ways 144 secured to the underside of the upper housing wall 114.The race ways 144 extend a substantial length of the body, as shown inFIG. 7. The race ways 144 have a rearward-facing opening for the wiresto pass-through. The race ways are closed at the front, the sides andthe bottoms.

A lamp source assembly 146 (FIGS. 1, 5-9 and 11-13) is positioned withinthe housing 104 for producing radiation such as UV radiation or otherwavelength radiation as desired. In the present examples, the lampsource assembly 146 includes an axially or longitudinally extendingprimary bulb body 148 extending longitudinally of the irradiation body102. As seen in FIG. 5, the lamp bulb is substantially centered widthwise of the housing, and is supported in a lower portion of the bodythrough rear and forward bulb holding brackets 150 and 152, respectively(FIG. 7). The holding brackets 150 and 152 are conventional bracketsused for holding bulbs of this type. As can be seen in FIG. 7, therearward bracket 150 is supported from a mounting plate 154 by aninsulator 156. The mounting plate 154 in turn is mounted to andsupported by a flange depending downward from the upper housing wall114. The forward bracket 152 is supported from a mounting plate 158(FIG. 9), which in turn is mounted to an underside of the upper housingwall 114. The brackets 150 and 152 securely support the lamp sourceassembly so that the bulb body 148 is securely positioned on alongitudinal mid-plane 158 (FIG. 8), and extends substantiallyhorizontally when the UV curing source is placed on a horizontalsurface.

In one example of a lamp source assembly 146 (FIGS. 1-13), the lampsource assembly includes a medium-pressure bulb with first and secondelectrodes 160 and 162, respectively. In the example shown in FIG. 11,the lamp source assembly has the first and second electrodes orientednon-parallel, and in this example at an angle to each other, andspecifically in the present example perpendicular to each other. In thisexample, the first electrode 160 is oriented substantially parallel andcoaxial with a central axis 162 of the primary bulb body 148, and asubstantial portion of the length of the bulb is coaxial with thecentral axis. The second electrode 162 is positioned at an end of thebulb opposite the first electrode 160. In the present example, thesecond electrode 162 has a central axis that intersects the central axis163 and is perpendicular to it. In this configuration, a substantialamount of radiation is emitted through the primary bulb body 148, and aportion of the radiation from the bulb is emitted from an un-obstructedend face 164. Emission from the end face is un-obstructed by the secondelectrode 162 as the electrode and bulb tip extend radially away fromthe primary bulb body 148. This helps to reduce any shadow that mightotherwise occur with bulbs where the electrodes are co-linear.

Orienting the second electrode 162 perpendicular to the primary bulbbody 148 also allows more desirable positioning of the bulb within thehousing. For example, the end face 164 can be placed relatively close tothe front of the irradiation assembly. This allows a bulb to be placedcloser to the target surface while the irradiation assembly is beingused. Having the second electrode perpendicular also provides moreflexibility in positioning the bulb within the housing.

The housing 104 includes one or more openings to allow radiation fromthe bulb to be emitted from the housing. The opening is configured toprovide the desired irradiation as a function of the bulb position, anyreflector position and relative positions of the bulb with a reflector.In the example shown in FIGS. 6-7, the housing includes a first wall166, including a right bottom edge 166A, a rear bottom edge 166B and aleft bottom edge 166C defining a substantially rectilinear opening (inbottom profile) through the bottom housing wall 116. This rectilinearopening is a first or bottom opening 168, and the bottom opening isconfigured relative to the lamp source to permit radiation from the lampsource to pass through the opening. The portions of the bottom housingwall 116 adjacent the walls 166A and 166C are relatively small,providing a commensurately large bottom opening 168. In one example, thebottom opening 168 can occupy about 60% or more of the bottom surfacearea, in part due to the small surface areas occupied by the bottomhousing wall 116, between the right bottom edge 166A and the right sidewall 112, the rear bottom edge 1668 and the rear wall 110, and the leftbottom edge 166C and the left side wall 108. The spacing or widthbetween the right bottom edge 166A and the right side wall 112, andbetween the left bottom edge 166C and the left side wall 108 isrelatively small, and can be 1.3 cm or less, for example, which is smallcompared to an overall housing width of about 11 cm. The surface areasoccupied by these walls in the bottom housing wall 116 can be furtherreduced, if desired, for example by reducing the surface area of therear portion of the bottom housing wall 116.

In the example shown in FIGS. 1-9, the irradiation assembly includes asecond wall 170, including a left edge 170A, a right edge 170B and acurved upper edge 170C defining a front opening 172 through the fronthousing wall 106. The front opening is configured in such a way thatradiation can exit the housing from the lamp source through the frontopening, and in the example shown in FIGS. 1-9, radiation can be emittedfrom both the bottom opening and the front opening. If desired, aremovable cover (either internally reflective or a less reflectivesurface) can be placed over either or both of the bottom and frontopenings to selectively emit radiation in the desired direction. Forexample, the front opening can be covered while radiation is emittedfrom the bottom opening, for example to cure relatively uniform andlarge surfaces. The front opening can be uncovered to permit irradiationof closer surfaces or smaller surfaces, either with covering the bottomopening or leaving the bottom opening uncovered. A front cover couldpivot such as on a hinge, slide, or otherwise be reliably movable. Wherethe end face 164 of the bulb is positioned in the housing relativelyclose to the plane of the front housing wall 106, the bulb can be placedrelatively close to the target surface. For example, the end face 164 ofthe bulb can be placed within a half-inch or ¼ inch of the front wall,or less. Additionally, depending on the size of the opening 172, more orless radiation can be emitted from the front of the housing. The sizeand shape of the front opening may conform to the size and shape of thereflector just inside the front wall, described more fully below. Forexample, if a reflector has an elliptical profile, the upper wall 170Cmay also have an elliptical profile.

In the example shown in FIGS. 1-9, the front opening 172 issubstantially perpendicular to the bottom opening 168. The openings canhave other relative orientations, as desired, as well as other openingprofiles.

One or more reflectors are typically used with irradiation devices. Inthe present example, a reflector assembly 174 (FIGS. 6-10) includes alinear portion 176 (FIG. 15). In the present configuration, the linearportion 176 extends longitudinally substantially parallel to the lampsource primary body 148. The reflector 174 is positioned inside thehousing 104 to reflect radiation from the lamp source. In the exemplaryconfiguration, the reflector 174 is formed from a pair of substantiallyidentical and oppositely facing reflector portions, each of which have aprofile of approximately ¼ of an ellipse. As shown in FIG. 10, thereflector assembly is formed from a first reflector segment 176 and asecond reflector segment 178. Each has an arcuate segment 180 having anelliptical profile. One end of each segment terminates in a respectiveflange 182 butted up against each other and secured together, forexample through fasteners. Each segment also includes a substantiallyplanar segment 184 extending the length of each segment, to help anchorthe reflector segment 176 or 178 to the adjacent side wall, for examplethrough fasteners. As shown in FIG. 15, the flanges 182 terminate at afront end 186 to provide space for the second electrode and itsrespective insulator. Otherwise, the flanges 182 extend the entirelength of the reflector 174.

As shown in FIG. 15, the reflector 174 includes first and second endportions 188 and 190, respectively. The reflector 174 is positioned(FIG. 7) relative to the lamp source to have the first and secondreflector segments 176 and 178, respectively, parallel to the primarylamp source body 148. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 and 15, the first endportion of the reflector is open and adjacent the front opening 172 sothat radiation can be emitted from the front opening 172. In theexemplary configuration, there is no front reflector, thereby allowingradiation to exit the front of the assembly. In another configurationwhere a removable or movable cover is included, radiation can beselectively allowed to exit the front of the assembly.

The reflector assembly 174 has a substantially constant cross-sectionprofile from the first end 188 to the second end 190, namelyapproximating elliptical surfaces. Therefore, the middle portion of thereflector 174 and the end profile of the reflector 174 at the first end188 are substantially identical. In the present example, the lamp andreflector combination produce a substantially line form of radiation atthe focal point of the reflector for curing a target surface. Also, as aresult of the reflector extending substantially linearly with arelatively constant cross sectional profile, there is no reflectorportion at the first end 188 obstructing radiation from exiting thefront opening 172. Therefore, radiation passing parallel to thereflector can pass beyond the first end portion and outside the housing.In other configurations, movable or removable covers or reflectors canbe included at the front opening.

In the present example, the assembly includes a further reflectorelement 192 (FIGS. 5-8 and 14). The further reflector element 182 is asecond reflector and is positioned and configured to be non-parallel tothe reflector 174 and non-parallel to the primary lamp source body 148.The second reflector element is substantially flat in the exemplaryconfiguration and extends width-wise between the left and right housingwalls and substantially the entire width of the first reflector 174. Inthe present orientation, the second reflector 192 faces the frontopening 172 and includes an opening 194 (FIG. 5) extending around thelamp source approximately at the position of the first electrode 160(FIG. 7). The reflector 192 is secured to the mounting plate 154 and tothe left and right housing side walls to reliably hold the reflector 182in place. The reflector may also take other shapes and orientations, forexample to produce the desired radiation flux distribution at the frontopening.

Irradiating assemblies, including hand-held assemblies, can includefluid flow openings in one or more side walls to help cool components ofthe assembly. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a plurality of openings 196 areformed in the left side wall 108 (and an identical number andconfiguration of openings are formed in the right side wall 112) toallow air flow or other fluid flow through the openings. Air flowingthrough the openings pass between the first and second reflectorsegments and the adjacent side walls, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 at 198.Where the first and second fans pull air through the openings 196, theair flow is as depicted by the arrows, whereas if the fans push air, theair will flow in the opposite directions. For the present discussion, itwill be assumed that the fans pull air in.

The plurality of openings 196 are substantially long narrow openingsextending vertically on the side walls. The openings are separated intoupper and lower banks of openings, each opening being the same size andconfiguration as the others. However, a variety of openingconfigurations can be used. In the exemplary side walls, the aggregateopen space occupied by co-linear pairs of openings occupies at leasthalf the height of the side wall. Additionally, the front to back spanof each bank of openings extends substantially the length of thereflector portions. As a result, air flows substantially over the entiresurface of each reflector segment.

As shown in FIG. 8, the fans will pull air through available openings.For example, air will flow from within the trough of the reflectorsegments through the reflector opening 194, as indicated by the arrows200. This air will flow behind the flat reflector 192 and around thebulb surrounding the first electrode. Air will also flow from behind thesecond reflector 192 and up to the fan, as indicated by the arrows 202.Air from behind the flat reflector 192 will also be pulled through theopening 204 in the flat reflector as indicated at arrow 206. Other flowconfigurations are also possible, depending on internal structures andpassage ways.

During use, irradiating assemblies, including the examples describedherein, can be used to irradiate surfaces. According to several methods,including those that can be used with the apparatus described herein,uniform surfaces such as walls, floors and ceilings can be irradiated,and corners between adjacent walls and between adjacent walls andceilings or floors can also be irradiated. For example, the assembly 100can be used to irradiate large and/or relatively uniform surfaces suchas walls 208 and 210 (FIGS. 16 and 17) as well as floors or ceilings. Afloor 212 is represented in the drawings. During one process, theassembly 100 can be positioned so as to direct radiation toward the wall208, to irradiate the surface with radiation emitted from the bottomopening 168. The coating or other material on the wall 208 can be curedby passing (as indicated by the arrow 214) the irradiating assembly 100over the surface of the wall at the distance or spacing necessary and atthe speed necessary to properly cure the material.

Substantial portions of the wall and floor or ceiling surfaces can becured in this manner. In two-wall corners, or in three-surface corners,the length of the irradiating assembly ordinarily might inhibit propercuring of the material. However, by irradiating close surfaces withradiation emitted from the front opening 172, those surfaces can be moreeasily irradiated and cured. For example, as represented in FIG. 16, theassembly 100 is positioned close to the wall 208 so as to irradiate thesurface with radiation emitted through the front opening 172. Becausethe front face 164 of the lamp source is close to the plane of the frontopening 172, radiation is easily applied to the surfaces immediatelyoutside the front opening. The assembly can then be moved up and downthe wall to continue curing the material. The assembly 100 can then bemoved, for example to the orientation represented by 216, for curing theadjacent corner surface. Similar steps can be followed for ceilings andfloors.

Having thus described several exemplary implementations, it will beapparent that various alterations and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the concepts discussed herein. Such alterations andmodifications, though not expressly described above, are nonethelessintended and implied to be within the spirit and scope of theinventions. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to beillustrative only.

What is claimed is:
 1. A UV curing irradiator comprising: a bodyincluding a housing; a UV lamp source within the housing for producingUV radiation; a handle on the body configured to permit holding theirradiator and to permit moving of the irradiator to a desiredorientation at least one wall defining at least one opening in thehousing configured relative to the lamp source to permit UV radiationfrom the lamp source to pass through the opening; and at least onereflector in the housing, the at least one reflector having first andsecond end portions, and wherein the at least one reflector ispositioned relative to the UV lamp source to have a first portionparallel to a portion of the UV lamp source and to have a second portionnon-parallel to the UV lamp source and wherein the first end portion ofthe reflector is open and an adjacent portion of the housing is open.2-42. (canceled)
 43. A method of curing a UV curable material using ahandheld UV irradiation lamp assembly, the method comprising:positioning a handheld UV irradiation lamp assembly so as to direct UVradiation toward a surface from a first portion of the assembly;irradiating a surface with radiation emitted from the first portion ofthe assembly; positioning the assembly so as to direct UV radiationtoward a surface from a second portion of the assembly; and irradiatinga surface with radiation emitted from the second portion of theassembly. 44-51. (canceled)